OCT For Macular Degeneration: Wet Vs Dry Explained

Nish Fofaria • 19 July 2024

Key Takeaways

  • OCT (Optical Coherence Tomography) is a non-invasive imaging test that detects macular degeneration early.
  • There are two types of macular degeneration: wet and dry.
  • Wet macular degeneration is caused by abnormal blood vessel growth, while dry AMD is characterized by drusen deposits.
  • The REVO-OCT Wellness Scan employs AI technology to enhance the accuracy of OCT scans.
  • Regular OCT scans, such as those offered by Eyecare Opticians, help with monitoring the progression of AMD and adjust treatments accordingly.


Eyecare Opticians: Your Local Vision Care Experts


Discover quality vision care at Eyecare Opticians in Ham, Kingston Upon Thames. 


Led by Consultant Optometrist Nish, with over two decades of diverse optometric experience, we offer cutting-edge eye care solutions tailored to your needs.


Our services include advanced diagnostic tests like Retinal Photography Optomap and Optical Coherence Tomography, alongside specialized treatments for Myopia control and Dry Eyes. Rated 4.9 stars on Google, we're committed to exceeding patient expectations with the latest equipment and personalized care.


Schedule your comprehensive eye exam today!


Introduction to OCT for Macular Degeneration

Macular degeneration is a serious eye condition that can lead to vision loss if not detected early. Fortunately, advances in technology like Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) have made it easier to diagnose and manage this condition. 


OCT is a non-invasive imaging test that utilizes light waves to take cross-sectional pictures of the retina, enabling eye doctors to see each of its distinctive layers and map and measure their thickness. These measurements help with diagnosis and provide treatment guidance for glaucoma and diseases of the retina, such as macular degeneration and diabetic eye disease.


The Importance of OCT in Eye Health

OCT allows optometrists to detect eye conditions like macular degeneration early, often before symptoms appear - early detection means early treatment, which can slow or even stop the progression of the disease. This is particularly important for AMD, which can lead to severe vision loss if left untreated.


  • non-invasive and quick
  • provides detailed images of the retina
  • helps in early detection and monitoring of eye diseases


What is Macular Degeneration?

Macular degeneration, often referred to as age-related macular degeneration (AMD), is a common eye condition among people aged 50 and older. It causes damage to the macula - a small spot near the center of the retina that is responsible for sharp, central vision, needed for activities like reading and driving.

Wet Macular Degeneration


Definition and Key Characteristics

Wet macular degeneration, also known as neovascular AMD, is the less common but more severe form of age-related macular degeneration. It occurs when abnormal blood vessels grow under the retina and macula. These blood vessels can leak fluid or blood, leading to rapid and severe vision loss.


Formation of Abnormal Blood Vessels

In wet AMD, the formation of abnormal blood vessels is called choroidal neovascularization (CNV) - these new blood vessels are fragile and can cause the macula to lift from its normal position. This distorts vision and can lead to the formation of scar tissue, further deteriorating sight.


Symptoms of Wet AMD

Wet AMD symptoms can appear suddenly and worsen quickly. Key signs to look out for include:


  • Visual distortions, such as straight lines appearing wavy
  • Reduced central vision in one or both eyes
  • A well-defined blurry spot or blind spot in your field of vision
  • Colors appearing less bright


Risks and Progression of Wet AMD

Wet AMD progresses rapidly and can cause significant vision loss within a short period. Risk factors include age, genetics, smoking, high blood pressure, and obesity. If left untreated, wet AMD can lead to permanent central vision loss.


Treatment Options for Wet AMD

While there is no cure for wet AMD, several treatments can help slow its progression and preserve vision:


  • Anti-VEGF Injections: These medications inhibit the growth of abnormal blood vessels.
  • Photodynamic Therapy: A two-step treatment that uses a light-activated drug to destroy abnormal blood vessels.
  • Laser Surgery: A high-energy laser is used to seal off leaking blood vessels.


Dry Macular Degeneration


Definition and Key Characteristics

Dry macular degeneration is the more common form of AMD, accounting for about 80-90% of cases. It progresses more slowly than wet AMD and occurs when the macula thins over time as part of the aging process, leading to gradual vision loss.


Presence of Drusen Deposits

An early sign of dry AMD is the presence of drusen - yellow deposits under the retina. While small amounts of drusen may not cause vision problems, larger and more numerous drusen increase the risk of developing advanced AMD.


  • Small drusen: Generally do not affect vision.
  • Intermediate drusen: May cause some vision changes.
  • Large drusen: Significantly increase the risk of vision loss.


Symptoms of Dry AMD

Symptoms of dry AMD develop gradually and can include:


  • Blurriness in the center of your vision
  • Difficulty recognizing faces
  • Need for brighter light when reading or doing close-up work
  • Colors appearing less vivid


Risks and Progression of Dry AMD

  • Age: Most common in people over 60.
  • Genetics: Family history increases risk.
  • Lifestyle: Smoking and poor diet can contribute to AMD.


Dry AMD progresses in three stages: early, intermediate, and late. Early detection through regular eye exams is crucial to manage the disease effectively.


Treatment Options for Dry AMD

While there is no cure for dry AMD, certain measures can help slow its progression and preserve vision:


  • AREDS Supplements: High-dose vitamins and minerals can reduce the risk of advanced AMD.
  • Healthy Diet: Consuming leafy greens, fish, and nuts can support eye health.
  • Regular Eye Exams: Monitoring changes in your vision helps catch progression early.


Role of OCT in Diagnosing Macular Degeneration

OCT plays a crucial role in diagnosing and managing both wet and dry macular degeneration - the technology provides detailed images of the retina, allowing eye doctors to detect early signs of AMD and monitor its progression.


Benefits of Using OCT in Eye Examinations

  • Early detection of retinal diseases
  • Accurate measurement of retinal thickness
  • Non-invasive and painless procedure
  • Quick and efficient imaging


OCT Imaging in Wet AMD

In wet AMD, OCT can detect fluid or blood under the retina, indicating the presence of abnormal blood vessels. The device also monitors the effectiveness of treatments like anti-VEGF injections, allowing doctors to adjust the treatment plan as needed.


Managing Macular Degeneration with OCT

Managing macular degeneration effectively requires regular monitoring and timely adjustments to treatment plans, and OCT plays a pivotal role in this ongoing process. By rendering detailed images of the retina, OCT helps eye doctors track the progression of the disease and make informed decisions about treatment.


For instance, in wet AMD, the presence of fluid or blood detected by OCT may indicate the need for more frequent anti-VEGF injections.

Regular Eye Check-Ups: What to Expect

Here's what you can expect during a regular eye check-up:


  • Review of your medical history and any changes in your vision
  • Comprehensive eye examination, including visual acuity and retinal imaging
  • Discussion of OCT scan results and any necessary adjustments to your treatment plan
  • Recommendations for lifestyle changes or supplements to support eye health


Choose Eyecare Opticians for Age-Related Macular Degeneration Control

At Eyecare Opticians, we are committed to providing the highest level of care for patients with age-related macular degeneration. Our state-of-the-art REVO-OCT Wellness Scan uses AI-powered technologies like denoising and motion correction to enhance the quality and reliability of OCT scans. As such, we can detect macular degeneration early and monitor its progression with unparalleled accuracy.


Our experienced team of eye care professionals is dedicated to helping you preserve your vision and maintain your quality of life. We offer personalized treatment plans tailored to your specific needs and regular follow-up appointments to ensure that your condition is managed effectively.


Contact us to learn more about how to preserve your vision and manage macular degeneration effectively with advanced diagnostic tools and personalized treatment plans at Eyecare Opticians.


Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)


What is the primary difference between wet and dry macular degeneration?

Wet AMD involves the growth of abnormal blood vessels under the retina, leading to rapid vision loss. Dry AMD, on the other hand, is characterized by the gradual thinning of the macula and the presence of drusen deposits, resulting in slower vision loss.


Can OCT detect early signs of macular degeneration?

Yes, OCT can detect early signs of macular degeneration - by providing detailed images of the retina, OCT can reveal changes in the retinal layers and the presence of drusen deposits, which are early indicators of AMD. Early detection through OCT allows for timely intervention and better management of the condition.


Is there a cure for macular degeneration?

Currently, there is no cure for macular degeneration; however, several treatments can help slow its progression and preserve vision. These include anti-VEGF injections for wet AMD and AREDS supplements for dry AMD. Regular eye check-ups and a healthy lifestyle can also help manage the condition.


How often should one get an OCT scan?

The frequency of OCT scans depends on the individual's risk factors and the stage of macular degeneration. 

For those at risk or diagnosed with AMD, it is generally recommended to have an OCT scan at least once a year. 

However, your eye doctor may recommend more frequent scans based on your specific condition and treatment plan - contact us at Eyecare Opticians and we’ll be happy to help with a personalised eyecare plan!


Can lifestyle changes help manage macular degeneration symptoms?

Yes, lifestyle changes can help manage macular degeneration symptoms and slow its progression. Some recommendations include:


  • Eating a diet rich in leafy greens, fish, and nuts
  • Taking AREDS supplements as recommended by your doctor
  • Quitting smoking
  • Maintaining a healthy weight and blood pressure
  • Protecting your eyes from UV light by wearing sunglasses


By making these changes, you can support your eye health and reduce the risk of worsening macular degeneration.

Early Detection of Glaucoma with OCT, Optomap & Next-Gen VR Visual Fields

by Nish Fofaria • 22 October 2025
Why catching glaucoma early matters Glaucoma is a group of eye conditions that damage the optic nerve, often linked to pressure inside the eye. It usually has no symptoms in the early stages—no pain, no blur—so people can lose vision slowly without noticing. The good news: early detection and treatment can preserve sight. At Eyecare Opticians in Ham, we combine three advanced technologies to spot glaucoma sooner and monitor it more precisely: - REVO OCT (Optical Coherence Tomography) – high-resolution 3D scans of the optic nerve and retinal nerve fibre layer. - Optomap – ultra-widefield retinal imaging that captures up to 200° of the retina in one shot. - VR visual field testing using a headset (Pico Neo 3 Pro) – comfortable, portable assessment of your peripheral vision. Together, these tools give us a 360° view of your eye health — structure, function, and wide-angle context. REVO OCT: Microscopic detail in seconds OCT uses safe light waves to create cross-sectional images of the retina and optic nerve head. We can: - Measure the retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) and ganglion cell complex (GCC) thickness. - Detect subtle thinning long before it’s visible on routine examination. - Track change over time with like-for-like comparisons and progression analysis. Why it matters: Glaucoma damages nerve tissue. OCT quantifies that tissue so we can act before visual symptoms appear. Optomap: Ultra-widefield clarity Traditional images capture only a small portion of the retina. Optomap takes an ultra-wide view, letting us: - See the optic nerve and surrounding retina in context. - Identify other issues that can mimic or complicate glaucoma (e.g., haemorrhages, pigment changes). - Build a visual record for side-by-side reviews at future checks. Why it matters: A wider retinal view helps us avoid blind spots in diagnosis and provides crucial context for OCT findings. VR Visual Field Testing (with Pico Neo 3 Pro): Your side vision, reimagined Visual field testing checks how far and how well you can see out to the sides—the functional impact of glaucoma. Using a comfortable VR headset, we can: - Run standardised perimetry in a more natural, patient-friendly setup. - Reduce fatigue and improve concentration for more reliable results. - Test in different positions and environments, supporting consistent monitoring. Why it matters: Glaucoma typically affects peripheral vision first. Reliable visual fields help confirm diagnosis and track functional change over time. What to expect at your glaucoma screening 1. History & risk check 2. Eye pressure & corneal thickness 3. REVO OCT scan 4. Optomap image 5. VR visual field test 6. Same-day explanation We’ll show you the images and graphs, explain any risk, and provide a clear plan—reassurance, monitoring, or referral if needed. Who should book a glaucoma check? • Age 40+ • Family history of glaucoma • Higher eye pressure readings • Short- or long-sightedness, migraine/vascular issues, or sleep apnoea • African, Afro-Caribbean or Asian ancestry • Anyone noticing haloes, headaches, or blurred peripheral vision In England, many people at risk qualify for NHS sight tests; ask us what applies to you. Why choose Eyecare Opticians (Ham, Kingston upon Thames)? • Hospital-grade diagnostics in an independent, patient-centred setting • Continuity of care with the same team tracking your results • Clear explanations and personalised plans • Rapid referral pathways when needed Book your glaucoma screening Eyecare Opticians 307 Richmond Road, Ham, Kingston upon Thames, KT2 5QU Call: 020 8549 0331 Book online: EyecareOpticians.com Ask for our Glaucoma Early Detection Package (REVO OCT + Optomap + VR visual field test). *Information provided is for educational purposes and not a substitute for professional medical advice.*

How Artificial Intelligence (AI) Is Transforming Eye Care

by Nish Fofaria • 22 October 2025
Technology is revolutionising healthcare — and eye care is leading the way. At Eyecare Opticians, we combine state-of-the-art eye testing with compassionate, expert care. From Optomap retinal scans to 3D OCT imaging, our goal is to detect problems early and protect your vision for life. Now, with the help of Artificial Intelligence (AI), eye exams are becoming even smarter, faster, and more accurate than ever before. 🔍 What Is AI Eye Care? AI (Artificial Intelligence) refers to advanced computer technology that can recognise patterns and learn from vast amounts of data. In eye care, AI analyses detailed retinal and corneal images to spot the tiniest changes — sometimes before symptoms appear. Think of it as a second expert reviewing your scans alongside your optometrist, helping detect subtle signs of: - Glaucoma - Diabetic Retinopathy - Macular Degeneration - Hypertension-related retinal changes 🩺 AI-Powered Eye Exams at Eyecare Opticians Our advanced technology already includes elements of AI screening. When you book an AI eye exam in Kingston, you benefit from: - Instant retinal analysis – AI algorithms highlight any irregularities within seconds. - Precise trend tracking – subtle changes are compared to previous visits. - Personalised care – your results guide a treatment plan tailored to you. 👁️ AI in Dry Eye & Myopia Management At our specialist Dry Eye Clinic and Myopia Control Clinic, AI helps us understand your eyes more deeply: - Dry Eye Analysis – AI software evaluates tear film quality and meibomian gland images. - Myopia Prediction – AI forecasts how quickly short-sightedness may progress and recommends customised treatments such as Ortho-K or myopia-control lenses. 🕶️ Smarter Frame and Lens Choices AI also powers new styling tools to match frame shapes and colours to your face, tone, and personality, while lens technology adapts to your lifestyle. 🤖 AI Enhances, Not Replaces, Human Expertise AI never replaces your optometrist — it enhances our ability to care for you. Every AI report and image is reviewed by our team to ensure personal, thorough, and trustworthy eye care. 💡 The Future of Eye Care Is Here AI is making vision care smarter, faster, and more precise. From AI retinal scans to AI dry eye analysis, the future is about prevention, not reaction. 📍 Eyecare Opticians 307 Richmond Road, Ham, Kingston upon Thames, KT2 5QU 📞 020 8549 0331 🌐 www.eyecareopticians.com

Eyecare Opticians: Best 2025 Lindberg Kids' Frames: Titanium, Prescription Options & Top Features

by Nish Fofaria • 17 June 2025
Key Takeaways Lindberg frames use lightweight titanium, which is super durable for active kids. They're made with aerospace-grade titanium that flexes without breaking. It is fully customisable; you can pick colours, temple styles, and adjust as your kid grows. The Lindberg kids' frames are available at Eyecare Opticians with expert fitting and adjustment services professionally done for your child. Why Lindberg Stands Out in 2025 Lindberg makes glasses differently. No screws, no rivets, no welds - just clean, simple frames that won't fall apart. They're Danish-designed with a minimalist look that kids actually like wearing. No cartoon characters or goofy designs; but cool, sophisticated frames that respect your kid's style. What really matters is that these frames are built for real kids' lives. They handle drops, bends, and the occasional sit-on without breaking. And kids actually want to wear them, which solves the biggest problem parents face with glasses. The Design Difference Lindberg has won over 100 design awards, and it shows. Their kids' frames look clean and modern without being boring. The hinge system is genius since there are no screws to lose, no pinched fingers, and they flex gently without breaking.